In the name of ALLAH, Most Gracious Most Merciful
"When the sky has split[open] and has responded to its Lord" The heaven will hear and heed the command of its Lord to split apart on the Day of Resurrection.
"And was obligated[to do so]" It is right for it to obey His command because He is the Great who cannot be opposed or overcome.
"And when the earth has been extended" it will be distended and spread out.
"And has cast out that within it and relinquished [it]" It will expel the dead who are inside it and empty itself of any trace of them.
"And has responded to its Lord and was obligated [to do so]" Explained in Ayah (2).
"O mankind, indeed you are laboring toward your Lord with [great] exertion" You are laboring towards your Lord while seeking Him.
"And will meet it," i.e; You will receive the reward for all that you did, whether evil or good.
"Then as for he who is given his record in his right hand. He will be judged with an easy account." It means easy with no difficulty.
"And return to his people" He will return to his family and relatives in Paradise
"In Happiness," i.e; he will be happy with what Allah has given him.
"But as for he who is given his record behind his back" means he who will receive his book in his left hand from behind his back.
"He will cry out for destruction," i.e; loss and destruction.
"And [enter to] burn in a blaze, indeed, he had [once] been among his people in happiness" He was happy and did not think about the consequences of his actions, nor did he fear what ahead of him.
"Indeed, he had thought he would never return [to Allah]." he used to think that he will not return to Allah nor be brought to life after death.
"But yes!" His Lord will recreate him the way he was created the first time and will reward him for both his good and evil actions because,
"Indeed, his Lord was ever of him, seeing" Allah is All-Knowing and All- Informed.
"So I swear by the twilight glow." Al-Shafaq is the redness in the horizon. It is also said that it means the soft reddish light from the sky between sunset and full night. Some exegists say it refers to the whole daylight.
"And [by] the night and what it envelops," Meaning what it gathers. Allah is figuratively swearing by the light and the darkness.
"And [by] the moon when it becomes full" It means when it becomes full and its light is complete. It is in contrast to the previous imagery of the night as it gathers things in its darkness.
"[that] you will surely experience state after state" You will move from one state to another, from hardship to ease, and vice versa.
"So what is[the matter] with them[that] they do not believe, and when the Quran is recited to them, they do not prostrate [to Allah]?" What keeps them from believing in Allah, His Messenger, and the Last Day? Why do they not, when they hear the Quran recited to them, prostrate as an act of glorification and reverence to it?
"But those who have disbelieved deny" It has become their nature to obstinately deny and oppose the truth.
"And Allah is most knowing of what they keep within themselves." It means what they conceal in their chests.
"So give them tidings of a painful punishment," i.e; inform them, O Muhammad, that Allah has prepared a painful punishment for them.
"Except for those who believe and do righteous deeds." with the exception to those whose hearts have believed and their limbs have performed righteous acts.
"For them is a reward" which they will receive in their second lives.
"Uninterrupted" means it will never be ended.
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