Do animals feel pain when slaughtered in Halal ways? And how animals are slaughter in Islam.

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According to an article  in NewZealand Veterinary journal, volume 57, p77 a researcher says:

"It wasn't a surprise to me, but in terms of the religious community, they are adamant animals don't experience any pain, so the results might be a surprise to them, due to the immediate drop in blood pressure and (oxygen starvation) of the brain, the animal loses consciousness within 2 seconds."

The swift cutting of vessels of the neck disconnects the flow of blood to the nerve of the brain responsible for pain. Thus the animal does not feel pain. 

while dying, the animal struggles writhe shakes, and kicks,  not due to pain, but due to the contraction and relaxation of the muscles deficient in blood and due to the flow of blood out of the body.

Additionally, the animal has to be slaughter with a sharp object and in a fast way so that the pain of slaughter is minimized.

The blood has to be drained completely before the head is removed. The purpose is to drain out most of the blood which would serve as a good culture medium for microorganisms.

So the Muslim way is more hygienic as drained blood containing germs, bacteria, toxins, etc. that are the cause of several diseases.

The spinal cord must not be cut first because the nerve fibers to the heart could be damaged during the process causing cardiac arrest, stagnating the blood in the blood vessels.

Meat slaughter by Islamic way remains fresh for a longer time due to deficiency of blood in the meat as compared to other methods of slaughtering.

How animals are slaughter in Islam.

According to the Law of Islam, the following are the conditions.
 The animal should be slaughter in such a way that its blood runs out and its nerves should cut with a sharp knife(anything that is sharp) 
The part of slaughtering an allowed animal is between the throat and the breastbone's top edge because the blood freely runs out when a wound is given in that part. Four organs must be cut; 
a. windpipe
b.gullet and the two jugular veins.
The name of Allah should be mentioned while Slaughtering the animal.
In the Quran, Allah says, "Then eat of that over which the name of Allah has been uttered if you believe in his sign"(Surah Inaam).
The following words should be pronounced, either once or thrice
'BISMILAH ALLAHU AKBAR'
If you do not mention the name of Allah then the slaughtered animal will be unlawful(haram) for eating. If someone unintentionally to mentions the name of Allah then that does not matter.
The invocation of bismillah should be immediately made after slaughtering the animal.
 

The animals that are permissible to eat in Islam.

All types of Marine animals are halal to eat. Marine animals need not be slaughtered.
Land animals, Allah has prohibited eating of pork, the flesh of the animal which died by itself, and the animals that slaughter in the name other than Allah, and the drinking of blood.
The prophet(PBUH) forbade the eating of wild animals with a canine tooth(eg: lion, wolf, etc), and the birds with a talon (eg: eagle, hawk, etc).

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